24 of the History glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
The Mughal revenue system developed by Todar Mal (1580), which measured cultivated land and assessed tax in cash from average yields and prices over the previous ten years (dahsala).
The large family-controlled business groups, such as Mitsui and Mitsubishi, that dominated the Japanese economy before 1945; the US occupation ordered them broken up.
Mobutu's policy, announced in 1973, of handing foreign-owned businesses to Zairean citizens, which mostly enriched his allies and damaged the economy.
Kenneth Kaunda's ideology, published in 1967, which put the welfare of the individual at the centre of policy and combined Christian ethics, African communal values and state control of the economy.
A holder of rights over land and its revenue; under the Mughals a local hereditary intermediary, and under the Permanent Settlement a landowner responsible for paying a fixed revenue.
A revolt of enslaved East African labourers and others in southern Iraq (869–883) against the Abbasid caliphate, centred on the marshes near Basra where they had been forced to clear salt from the land.
The state ruled from the island of Zanzibar by the Omani Busaidi dynasty, separate from Oman from 1856, claiming much of the East African coast; it became a British protectorate in 1890.
A short, theatrical protest designed to win media attention, used by radical feminists, anti-war activists and gay liberationists around 1968–1972.
The agrarian movement led by Emiliano Zapata in Morelos and neighbouring states from 1911 to 1919, which fought for the return of village lands and local self-government under the Plan of Ayala and the slogan "Land and Liberty".
The personal rank of a Mughal mansabdar, which set his place in the hierarchy and his salary.
The period from 1769 to 1855 in which Ethiopia's emperors at Gondar were puppets of rival regional lords.
An elected council for local government in rural Russia, created in 1864 at district and provincial level, which ran schools, health care and roads and became a base for liberal politics.
A school of Buddhism, called Chan in China and Thiền in Vietnam, that stresses meditation and direct experience over the study of texts.
The campaign of 1946–1948, named after the party secretary Andrei Zhdanov, that imposed strict ideological control on Soviet literature, music, film and science and attacked Western influence.
The women's department of the Soviet Communist Party (1919–1930), which campaigned for women's literacy, rights and political involvement.
The northern warlord clique of Feng Guozhang, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, which controlled Beijing from 1920 to 1924 and was destroyed by the Northern Expedition in 1926.
Jiang Jieshi's move against the communists in Guangzhou in March 1926, when he arrested communist officers and Soviet advisers after claiming that the gunboat Zhongshan was part of a plot against him.
A secret German message of January 1917 proposing an alliance with Mexico against the USA, with the promise of lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona; its publication in March 1917 helped bring the USA into the war.
The national movement for the return of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel and the creation of a Jewish national home or state there, organised politically from 1897.
The customs union of German states led by Prussia, in force from 1 January 1834, which removed duties between members and excluded Austria.
The killing in 1781 of more than 130 enslaved Africans thrown overboard from the British slave ship Zong; the owners' insurance claim of 1783 made the case a scandal for abolitionists.
The office for foreign affairs created by the Qing in 1861 under Prince Gong, the first new central institution for dealing with Western states; replaced by a Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1901.
Attacks by US servicemen on young Mexican Americans in Los Angeles in June 1943.
The meeting of the CCP leadership at Zunyi in Guizhou on 15–17 January 1935, during the Long March, that criticised the military strategy of Bo Gu and Otto Braun and brought Mao Zedong into the party's leadership.