22 of the Digital Society glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
A set of shared values associated with early computer hacker culture, described by Steven Levy in 1984, including free access to computers and information, distrust of central authority, and judging people by their skill rather than their status.
Gaining unauthorised access to a computer system, network or data, or using a system in ways its owner did not intend; ethical hacking does the same with permission in order to improve security.
The use of hacking for political purposes, such as defacing websites, leaking documents or launching denial-of-service attacks against governments or companies.
An interface that communicates with the user through the sense of touch, for example through vibration, force or texture, and may also detect the user's touch and movement.
The ability of a state or organisation to get what it wants through force or payment, such as military action, sanctions or economic pressure.
The physical components of a computer system, such as the processor, memory, storage, circuit boards and input and output devices.
A function that turns any input into a short, fixed-length string (a hash) that acts as a fingerprint of the data: the same input always gives the same hash, while any change to the input gives a completely different one.
A word or phrase preceded by the # symbol that labels a post, so that posts on the same topic are grouped together and can be searched for or followed.
Using a shared hashtag on social media to draw attention to a political or social cause, connect people who support it and put pressure on those with power.
Expression that attacks, insults or encourages hostility towards a person or group because of an identity characteristic such as ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender, sexuality or disability.
The continuous or regular collection of data about a person's body or behaviour, such as heart rate, sleep, steps or blood glucose, by wearable devices, apps or home sensors, usually to inform the person or their clinician.
A programming language, such as Python or JavaScript, that uses words and structures close to human language and mathematics and must be translated into machine code to run.
The tendency of people to form ties with others who are similar to them in characteristics such as age, class, ethnicity, beliefs or interests, a pattern that recommendation systems can strengthen online.
HyperText Transfer Protocol: the protocol that browsers and web servers use to request and send web pages and other resources.
The secure version of HTTP, in which requests and responses between a browser and a web server are encrypted so that they cannot be read or altered in transit.
A simple device that connects devices in a local area network and forwards every incoming message to all other connected devices.
The use of technology, drugs or genetic methods to improve human abilities beyond what is needed to restore health, such as stronger, faster, longer-lived or more capable bodies and minds.
Rights that every person holds because they are human, whatever their nationality, sex, ethnicity, religion or other status. They are universal, inalienable and indivisible, and states have the main duty to protect them.
The study and design of how people and robots communicate, cooperate and affect each other, including trust, safety, social behaviour and the effects of robots on human users.
A model introduced by the research company Gartner in 1995 describing how expectations about a new technology rise to a peak, fall into disillusionment, and then recover to a more realistic level of use.
Text displayed on a screen that contains links (hyperlinks) to other text or resources, which the reader can follow directly.