18 of the Geography glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
The giving of a vaccine, a preparation of a weakened, killed or partial pathogen or its genetic code, to stimulate the immune system to protect a person against a disease.
A policy in which governments secure vaccines for their own populations first, for example by buying most early supplies or restricting exports, at the expense of fair access for other countries.
The degree to which data and methods actually measure what the investigation sets out to measure, so that conclusions drawn from them are justified.
The sequence of activities, from research and design to production, marketing and after-sales service, through which a product gains value, each stage adding to its final worth.
A living organism, usually an insect such as a mosquito or tick, that carries a pathogen from one host to another.
An illness caused by a pathogen transmitted to people by a living carrier (vector), usually a mosquito, tick or fly, such as malaria, dengue or Lyme disease.
Escaping a tsunami by climbing to the upper floors or roof of a strong, tall building or a purpose-built tower or mound, used where high ground is too far away to reach in time.
The number of times the vertical scale of a cross-section or profile is larger than its horizontal scale, used so that differences in height can be seen.
The growing of crops indoors in vertically stacked layers under artificial light, with controlled temperature, humidity and nutrients, usually using hydroponics or aeroponics.
The ownership by one company of businesses at different stages of the same supply chain, such as a tour operator that also owns travel agencies, airlines, hotels and cruise ships.
A service that sends a user’s internet traffic through an encrypted connection to a server elsewhere, hiding its content and destination and allowing users to reach blocked websites.
The resistance of a fluid to flow; viscous magma is thick and sticky, mainly because of its high silica content and lower temperature.
Travel whose main purpose is to visit family or friends, who often provide the accommodation; abbreviated to VFR tourism.
The methods used by site managers to control the number, timing, distribution and behaviour of visitors in order to protect a site and the experience it offers.
A logarithmic scale from 0 to 8 that measures the size of a volcanic eruption mainly by the volume of material ejected and the height of the eruption column.
The continuous measurement of a volcano's earthquakes, ground deformation, gas emissions and temperature to detect rising magma and forecast eruptions.
Migration in which people choose to move, usually to improve their economic or social opportunities, rather than being forced to leave.
The susceptibility of people, places or systems to be harmed by a hazard, combined with a lack of capacity to cope with it and adapt to it.