7 of the Geography glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
A sponsorship system, used mainly in Gulf states, Jordan and Lebanon, that ties a migrant worker’s visa and legal residence to one employer, who controls the worker’s ability to change job or leave.
A wind of cold, dense air that flows downslope under gravity from an ice sheet, plateau or mountain, often reaching very high speeds where it is channelled into coastal valleys.
The graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi, since 1958, showing a steady, accelerating long-term rise with a regular seasonal cycle.
A graph showing how the abundance of several species changes along a transect, each species drawn as a band whose width is proportional to its abundance at each point.
A sudden break of slope in the long profile of a river, often marked by a waterfall or rapids, where resistant rock or a fall in base level interrupts the smooth curve.
An annual index by the KOF Swiss Economic Institute that scores countries from 0 to 100 on economic, social and political globalisation, combining actual flows (de facto) and enabling policies (de jure).
The 1997 agreement under the UNFCCC, in force from 2005, that set legally binding emissions targets for industrialised (Annex I) countries for 2008–2012 and later to 2020.