In Augment’s notes, a marked term shows its definition when you hover or tap it, and each page ends with the terms it introduces.
26 terms from Culture, motivation and technology, each defined in a sentence or two, with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it. Every one is HL only.
A theory proposing that effective communication between people from different cultures depends on keeping anxiety and uncertainty about each other within a middle range, mainly by communicating mindfully.
Computer systems that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as recognising speech, translating, making recommendations or generating text and images.
In self-determination theory, the three innate needs for autonomy (acting by choice), competence (feeling effective) and relatedness (feeling connected to others).
The regular use of two languages by an individual or a community; bilingual people differ in when they learned each language, how fluent they are and how often they switch.
The spread of beliefs, practices, products or technologies from one cultural group to another through contact such as trade, migration, media or the internet.
Electronic devices, systems and services that create, store or transmit information in digital form, such as smartphones, computers, the internet, social media, video games and artificial intelligence.
An online environment in which a person mainly encounters information and opinions that match their existing views, through their own choices and recommendation algorithms, which can reinforce those views.
The proposed reduction in self-control after an earlier task that required self-control, explained as the using up of a limited resource; large preregistered replications have found little or no effect.
A research method in which participants report their behaviour, thoughts or feelings several times a day in their everyday lives, usually through prompts on a phone, giving many real-time measurements per person.
Motivation to engage in an activity in order to obtain a separate outcome, such as a reward, a grade, approval or the avoidance of punishment.
The increasing economic, social and cultural interconnection of societies across the world, driven by trade, migration, travel and communication technologies, which speeds up cultural diffusion.
A theory proposing that specific, challenging goals lead to higher performance than vague or easy goals, provided people are committed to them, receive feedback and have the ability to reach them.
The belief that intellectual abilities can be developed through effort, effective strategies and help from others, as opposed to a fixed mindset, the belief that ability cannot change.
The four HL-only parts of the course that extend the core: the roles of culture, motivation and technology in behaviour across the four contexts, and data analysis and interpretation.
Motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake, because it is interesting, enjoyable or satisfying, rather than to obtain a separate outcome.
A type of artificial intelligence trained on very large collections of text to predict and generate language, used in chatbots and writing assistants.
Using two or more media or devices at the same time, or switching rapidly between them, such as messaging while watching videos and studying.
The proposal that the visible presence of a smartphone, even when unused, reduces attention, cognitive capacity or conversation quality; the evidence for it is mixed.
The processes that give behaviour its purpose or direction, energy and persistence; motives may be conscious, such as a stated goal, or unconscious.
A client-centred counselling approach that strengthens a person’s own motivation to change a behaviour by exploring their ambivalence and reasons for change rather than persuading or instructing them.
A biologically based drive linked to survival, such as hunger, thirst or the need for sleep, that arises from a physiological state of the body.
A learned motive not based directly on a biological need, such as the motive to achieve, to affiliate with others, to compete or to pursue an interest.
A theory of motivation proposing that people have innate tendencies towards growth and that intrinsic motivation and well-being depend on satisfying the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness.
The interruption of face-to-face interaction between people, such as parents and children or couples, by the use of digital devices.
Psychological therapy delivered at a distance through technology, such as video calls, telephone, text messaging or structured online programmes, rather than face to face.
A form of exposure therapy in which a person is gradually exposed to a feared situation in a computer-generated, immersive environment rather than in real life.