Maths AI terms: F

F

FactorialHL only · also n!, x!, factorials, factorial function

For a positive integer $n$, the product of all the positive integers from 1 to $n$, written $n! = n \times (n-1) \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1$, with $0! = 1$.

Introduced in 4.17 The Poisson distribution

Fair gamealso fair, fair games

A game in which the expected gain of a player is zero, $\mathrm{E}(X) = 0$, where $X$ is the player's gain.

Introduced in 4.7 Discrete random variables

False negativealso false negatives, missed case

A test result that wrongly indicates that a condition is absent when it is present.

Introduced in 4.6 Combined events

False positivealso false positives, false alarm

A test result that wrongly indicates that a condition is present when it is not.

Introduced in 4.6 Combined events

Finite sequence

A sequence with a last term, so that it has a fixed, countable number of terms.

Introduced in 1.2 Arithmetic sequences and series

First derivative testalso first-derivative test, sign test, first derivative sign test

A method of finding the nature of a stationary point at $x = a$ from the sign of $f'(x)$ just to the left and just to the right of $a$: a change from positive to negative shows a local maximum, a change from negative to positive shows a local minimum, and no change of sign shows neither.

Introduced in 5.6 Stationary points

Fitting a modelalso model fitting, fit a model, fitting, fitted model

Finding values of a model's parameters so that the model agrees with given conditions or data.

Introduced in 2.6 The modelling process

Five-number summaryalso five number summary, 5-number summary

The minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum of a data set.

Introduced in 4.2 Presenting data

Follow-throughalso FT, follow through, follow-through marks

A marking rule under which a wrong answer from an earlier part is accepted as a starting value, so that correct working using it in later parts can still earn marks.

FractalHL only · also fractals

A shape with detailed structure at every scale, usually generated by iteration, in which parts of the shape repeat the pattern of the whole.

Introduced in 3.9 Matrix transformations

Frequencyalso frequencies, f

The number of times a particular value, or a value within a particular group, occurs in a data set.

Introduced in 4.2 Presenting data

Frequency distributionalso frequency table, frequency tables, frequency distributions

A table that lists each value, or each group of values, of a variable together with its frequency.

Introduced in 4.2 Presenting data

Frustumalso truncated pyramid, truncated cone, frusta

The part of a cone or pyramid that remains when the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base.

Introduced in 3.1 Volume and surface area in three dimensions

Functionalso functions, function of x

A rule that assigns to each element of a set of inputs exactly one output.

Introduced in 2.2 Functions, domain and range

Function machineHL only · also function machines

A diagram that represents a function as a box with an input arrow and an output arrow, showing the rule that turns each input into its output.

Introduced in 2.7 Composite and inverse functions

Function notationalso f(x), f of x, function notation f(x)

The notation $f(x)$ for the output of the function $f$ when its input is $x$.

Introduced in 2.2 Functions, domain and range

Future value (FV)also FV, future values, final value, maturity value

The value of an investment or a loan at the end of a stated time, after interest has been added.

Introduced in 1.4 Financial applications of geometric sequences