7 of the Biology glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
An image of the chromosomes of a cell, arranged in homologous pairs in order of decreasing length, used to show the karyotype.
The number and type of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a cell of an organism.
The graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, since 1958, showing an annual fluctuation and a long-term rise.
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the structure of its ecological community relative to its abundance; its removal causes major changes and risks ecosystem collapse.
One of a pair of organs that excrete metabolic waste such as urea and regulate the osmotic concentration of the blood by forming urine in about a million nephrons each.
A protein structure at the centromere of each chromatid to which spindle microtubules attach during nuclear division.
A cycle of reactions in the mitochondrial matrix in which acetyl groups are oxidised: each turn gives 2 CO₂, 3 reduced NAD, 1 reduced FAD and 1 ATP and regenerates oxaloacetate.