10 of the Biology glossary’s terms, each with the part of the syllabus where you first meet it.
A small protein that is attached in chains to proteins that are to be destroyed, marking them for breakdown by proteasomes.
A centrifuge that spins samples fast enough to produce forces of more than 100,000 times gravity, used to separate small organelles and large molecules.
The filtration of blood plasma under high pressure in the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule, which removes water and small solutes but retains blood cells and plasma proteins.
Cell respiration in which the energy released is given out as heat instead of being used to make ATP, because protons flow back across the inner mitochondrial membrane through thermogenin instead of ATP synthase.
The feature of the genetic code that the same codons code for the same amino acids in almost all organisms.
The rising of cold, dense, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean to the surface, often driven by winds pushing surface water away from a coast; it supports high primary production.
A pyrimidine base (U) found only in RNA, where it replaces thymine and pairs with adenine.
The main nitrogenous waste product of mammals, made in the liver from the excess amino groups of amino acids and excreted by the kidneys in urine.
The part of the menstrual cycle that takes place in the uterus: shedding of the endometrium at menstruation, then its repair and thickening.
The muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which an embryo implants and the fetus develops; also called the womb.